When the Russian astronauts were first in space, they mockingly said, “Look! There is no God here”. Indeed, those who believed in God have never said that God is in space.
Christians, for example, believe that God is in Heaven; other believers may have different opinions as to where God is. But one thing they have in common is that God exists in this universe. A Moslem philosopher illustrates the existence of Allah in this universe as the existence of soul in our body. We do not know for sure in which part of the body the soul is--- in the head, chest, or limbs? But we know that those parts are living --- they move and develop – we can feel it. The soul is there, everywhere in our body.
It is quite similar to the existence of Allah in this universe. Everywhere we can see His creations – on green land, in the blue sky, even in the blackest deep on the oceans or in the centre of the earth. Allah is only one, but He is there, everywhere in this world; there is nothing resemble Him. Allah is very close to those who have faith in their hearts.
I'm Learning to Learn, Re-Learn and Un-Learn
Mengatur Ukuran Kertas di Microsoft Word
Sebelum membuat dokumen baik naskah maupun karya tulis lainnya di Microsoft Word, hal yang sebaiknya lebih dahulu dikerjakan adalah mengatur ukuran kertas yang akan dipergunakan, mengatur margin serta orientasi kertas.Biasanya secara default, ukuran kertas berada pada ukuran kertas A4, sementara di Indonesia jenis kertas yang biasa beredar adalah A4 (Quarto) dan
Ukuran kertas yang juga biasa dipergunakan adalah:
A4 : 21 cm x 29,7 cm
Letter : 21,59 cm x 27, 94 cm
F4 : 21,5 cm x 33 cm (iki folio yaaaa)
Legal : 21,59 cm x 35,56 cm
reference and inference ppt download
this is the last material of my pragmatics lecture.click here for free download abiieZ:
reference and inference george yule
the other downloadable materials of pragamtics can be seen at this linkz: all-my-pragmatics-downloadable-materials
A CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE ANALYSIS ON OSCAR WILDE’S HAPPY PRINCE
A CONVERSATIONAL IMPLICATURE ANALYSIS
ON OSCAR WILDE’S HAPPY PRINCE
Faizal Risdianto, S.S,M.Hum
STAIN SALATIGA
Abstract
The title of this paper is a conversational implicature analysis on Oscar Wilde’s Happy Prince. In this paper, the writer discusses conversational implicature in one of Oscar Wilde’s short story entitled Happy Prince. The objectives of the study are to identify the implicature utterances uttered by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s Happy Prince and to describe the implied meaning uttered by the characters in Oscar Wilde’s Happy Prince.
History of Pragmatics / Origin of Pragmatics
A Brief Introduction to Pragmatics
Written by 刘吉林，语言学2005研究生
(1) What is Pragmatics
As it is known to most of us,. Pragmatics is one branch of general linguistics, which also includes phonetics, phonology, morphology and semantics. But when we talk about pragmatics, we may ask what it is. So we should define it, and there are a lot of philosopher and linguists who have given their respective ideas about it. Such as Charles Morris’s famous definition of pragmatics as “the study of the relation of signs to interpreters-”, Levinson’s consideration of pragmatics as being “the study of those relations between language and context that is gammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language.”, and Mey’s definition as “Pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the conditions of society.”. But I prefer a definition given by a Chinese professor Ran Yongping, who expressed his idea in the book A Survey of Pragmatics :”Pragmatics is a discipline not only concerning the sense, but also concerning the derivation of sense and the understanding of underlying meaning as its objects. It aims to decipher the negotiation and derivation of meaning in communication. So pragmatics studies, aiming at the derivation of sense during intercommunication, are by-directional dynamic studies.” (语用学不单纯是关于意义的一门学科，而是以意义的产生和对潜在意义的理解作为研究对象，从而揭示交际中人们是如何进行磋商、产生意义的，也即语用学研究是相互应对中的意义为对象的双向动态研究) 冉永平，1998。Professor Ran put emphasis on dynamic studies, which develops from the idea of British scholar Thomas, the founder of dynamic pragmatics, who argued that the studies of pragmatics should aim at interactive sense. Language is alive not dead, and it is for using, so only the dynamic studies are significant.
(2) History of Pragmatics / Origin of Pragmatics
Written by 刘吉林，语言学2005研究生
(1) What is Pragmatics
As it is known to most of us,. Pragmatics is one branch of general linguistics, which also includes phonetics, phonology, morphology and semantics. But when we talk about pragmatics, we may ask what it is. So we should define it, and there are a lot of philosopher and linguists who have given their respective ideas about it. Such as Charles Morris’s famous definition of pragmatics as “the study of the relation of signs to interpreters-”, Levinson’s consideration of pragmatics as being “the study of those relations between language and context that is gammaticalized, or encoded in the structure of a language.”, and Mey’s definition as “Pragmatics studies the use of language in human communication as determined by the conditions of society.”. But I prefer a definition given by a Chinese professor Ran Yongping, who expressed his idea in the book A Survey of Pragmatics :”Pragmatics is a discipline not only concerning the sense, but also concerning the derivation of sense and the understanding of underlying meaning as its objects. It aims to decipher the negotiation and derivation of meaning in communication. So pragmatics studies, aiming at the derivation of sense during intercommunication, are by-directional dynamic studies.” (语用学不单纯是关于意义的一门学科，而是以意义的产生和对潜在意义的理解作为研究对象，从而揭示交际中人们是如何进行磋商、产生意义的，也即语用学研究是相互应对中的意义为对象的双向动态研究) 冉永平，1998。Professor Ran put emphasis on dynamic studies, which develops from the idea of British scholar Thomas, the founder of dynamic pragmatics, who argued that the studies of pragmatics should aim at interactive sense. Language is alive not dead, and it is for using, so only the dynamic studies are significant.
(2) History of Pragmatics / Origin of Pragmatics
Free download buku PRAGMATICS by George Yule
Assalamualaikum wr.wb. dear all netters.buat para mahasiswa yang bingung mencari bukunya pak George Yule berjudul PRAGMATICS berikut ini adalah links for free download. |
lebih banyak lagi referensi tentang pragmatics di https://www.pdfdrive.com/pragmatics-by-george-yule-e163862273.html
A story about "Krambil" (old coconut)
(When I was young in the year of 2000 , saiki wis old man :)
One day in madukawan, Pamekasan, madura, I met some pakistani men who were joyfully eating "Krambil" (old coconut).
They looked so happy in eating it.For Your info, In Pakistan "Krambil"and "Pepaya" are belong to rare expensive fruits.
I ever met one pakistani man who said "Brother faishol, I think you're not my brother". I said to him, "How can it be? I'm your brother in Islam". then again he replied, :"yesterday you have promised that you will buy me pepaya but you forget about it". ( ya Allah Gusti cuma pengen makan kates/pepaya wae bilang YOU'RE NOT MY BROTHER. Benar2 pengalaman paling kadir, kirun dan rustam (maaf kalo ada nama rustam disini :)
ok .back to the topic of A story about KRAMBIL
I met then under the tree eating krambil with euphoria and great enthusiasm.
one of them said to me, "challo (come on) Brother Faishol, let's eat this fresh old coconut.
this is very delicious.in pakistan if we have this one we will eat with all the members of the family, cut this into some slices/pieces and happily eating our part.
this is a precicious and fresh fruit".
I just smiled coz I could not imagine eating that fruit treated as if it was similar to the joy of eating "yummy" washington apple or "the luxurious" durian .
I said to him, "No, brother :). in my place that's one of the ingredients for cooking". this will make me KREMINEN (cacingan :).
then he asked me curiously,"What's KREMINEN"
I smiled again, "Nothing. Kreminen means "bohot acha=good :)
list of Sophisticated Words
Hi, guys! It's me again! First, CMIIW 
Is it really important to learn about "Sophisticated Words?"
In my opinion, when we are in informal situations in our daily life it's not really necessary to learn sophisticated words. Because, how often we use them in informal situations? The most common answer is as we all know : SELDOM.
But, when it comes to formal situations it's become a way more important to use sophisticated words. Especially in situations that we "sell ourself" such as in our thesis judgment, job-interview, academic presentation, seminar, etc.
Is it really important to learn about "Sophisticated Words?"
In my opinion, when we are in informal situations in our daily life it's not really necessary to learn sophisticated words. Because, how often we use them in informal situations? The most common answer is as we all know : SELDOM.
But, when it comes to formal situations it's become a way more important to use sophisticated words. Especially in situations that we "sell ourself" such as in our thesis judgment, job-interview, academic presentation, seminar, etc.
Mengubah Mental Pegawai dengan Khuruj
Adzan shalat Dhuhur berkumandang dari masjid di kantor Walikota Palopo, Sulawesi Selatan, siang itu. Hampir seluruh pegawai bergegas menuju masjid untuk menunaikan shalat. Sebagian pegawai pria lengkap dengan kopiahnya, sementara pegawai wanita lengkap dengan busana Muslimah.
Situasi di atas adalah pemandangan sehari-hari di kantor tersebut. Shalat berjamaah diharuskan bagi seluruh pegawai Muslim. Tak hanya itu, di kantor ini juga diwajibkan berjilbab bagi Muslimah, bisa mengaji, serta khuruj (keluar wilayah untuk berdakwah dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan). Semua itu tertuang dalam surat edaran Walikota Palopo dengan nomor 450/160/Kesra/IV/2009, perihal Peningkatan Shalat Berjamaah dan Kerjasama Dakwah dengan Jamaah Tabligh.
Tapi jangan salah, semua ini bukan paksaan. Semuanya berjalan dengan kesadaran setelah para pegawai mengikuti pesantren kilat yang diberi nama Bimbingan dan Latihan Mental Spiritual. Hasil kerjasama Pemda Palopo dan Jamaah Tabligh (JT).
Situasi di atas adalah pemandangan sehari-hari di kantor tersebut. Shalat berjamaah diharuskan bagi seluruh pegawai Muslim. Tak hanya itu, di kantor ini juga diwajibkan berjilbab bagi Muslimah, bisa mengaji, serta khuruj (keluar wilayah untuk berdakwah dengan waktu yang telah ditentukan). Semua itu tertuang dalam surat edaran Walikota Palopo dengan nomor 450/160/Kesra/IV/2009, perihal Peningkatan Shalat Berjamaah dan Kerjasama Dakwah dengan Jamaah Tabligh.
Tapi jangan salah, semua ini bukan paksaan. Semuanya berjalan dengan kesadaran setelah para pegawai mengikuti pesantren kilat yang diberi nama Bimbingan dan Latihan Mental Spiritual. Hasil kerjasama Pemda Palopo dan Jamaah Tabligh (JT).
Cooperation and implicature
Cooperation and implicature
In our daily life, speakers and listeners involved in conversation are generally cooperating with each other. In other words, when people are talking with each other, they must try to converse smoothly and successfully. In accepting speakers’ presuppositions, listeners have to assume that a speaker is not trying to mislead them. This sense of cooperation is simply one in which people having a conversation are not normally assumed to be trying to confuse, trick, or withhold relevant information from one another.
However, in real communication, the intention of the speaker is often not the literal meaning of what he or she says. The real intention implied in the words is called conversational implicature.
Example:
[1]
However, in real communication, the intention of the speaker is often not the literal meaning of what he or she says. The real intention implied in the words is called conversational implicature.
Example:
[1]
A: Can you tell me the time?
B: Well, the milkman has come.
B: Well, the milkman has come.
In this little conversation, A is asking B about the time, but B is not answering directly. That indicates that B may also not know the accurate time, but through saying “the milkman has come”, he is in fact giving a rough time. The answer B gives is related to the literal meaning of the words, but is not merely that. That is often the case in communication. The theory of conversational implicature is for the purpose of explaining how listeners infer the speakers’ intention through the words.
Making dakwah on the journey from calcutta to New Delhi
Written by : Pak Faizal Solo
Assalamualaikum wr.wb
Nah, yang saya jumpai ini seorang supir yang senang ziarah kubur makam wali-wali yang bertebaran di lembah hindustan. dia rencana mau ke makam syaikh nizamuddin aulia dan ke makam ajmeer syarif.
yang aneh dari orang ini ketika waktu sholat tiba dan kami ajak sholat dia menolak dengan halus.
begini rekaman percakapan yang berisi ajakan buat dia.
me: ap hadrat namaaz karo. tashrif namaaz (tuan yang mulia sholatlah, mari sholat)
the brelwi: I'm a driver.
me: it's ok that you're driver but you're moslem.I suggest you to perform sholat right now.
the brelwi: I'm a driver and I just perform sholat at jum'ah.
me: ap hadrat, namaaz dzoruri hai . (tuan yang mulia, sholat itu penting/wajib).
the brelwi: :)
My happy life in Virginia
Enthusiastically Written by : Ega Erma Sandrianie
Blacksburg, Virginia is a beautiful city that I have ever seen. I have been in Blacksburg for more than four weeks. Thanks to Allah who made easy for me by means of The Scholarship which has brought me to this beautiful city. I lived in Chelsey court 2528, Blacksburg Virginia. Guys, Let me tell you something. Blacksburg is students’ city. In Blacksburg lies Virginia Tech University. Several Virginia Tech buildings are separated in every place in Blacksburg.
Now I am going to describe about my dwelling, my class and my professors. Let me describe it all just for you.
This is my yard. I lived in Chelsey court, Blacksburg Virginia. You can see that there are many leaves scale off. It is because at that time, two weeks ago was fall season. Now, the winter is coming, so all of the leaves dropped off.
Everyday, I go to campus in LCI (Language Center Institute) by bus. On the picture Here, You can see that it is my bus stop. The name of the bus stop is Hethwood B. It is because the bus that pass my house is Hethwood B. This bus stop is around ten meters from my house. Hethwood B usually comes every 15 minutes. If I miss the bus, I have to wait the next bus. It will take 15 minutes to arrive my campus.
Blacksburg, Virginia is a beautiful city that I have ever seen. I have been in Blacksburg for more than four weeks. Thanks to Allah who made easy for me by means of The Scholarship which has brought me to this beautiful city. I lived in Chelsey court 2528, Blacksburg Virginia. Guys, Let me tell you something. Blacksburg is students’ city. In Blacksburg lies Virginia Tech University. Several Virginia Tech buildings are separated in every place in Blacksburg.
Now I am going to describe about my dwelling, my class and my professors. Let me describe it all just for you.
What's Wishful thinking?
Wishful thinking is when you really believe that your wishes or desires will become reality just because you desire them so much. It is the mistaken belief that what you wish for is actually true.
Examples:
I wish to be rich and therefore I will be. It will just happen and I won't have to work for it.
The world owes me a living because I say so.
I will get all A's even if I don't study because I deserve them and I'm a good person.
Examples:
I wish to be rich and therefore I will be. It will just happen and I won't have to work for it.
The world owes me a living because I say so.
I will get all A's even if I don't study because I deserve them and I'm a good person.
For other uses, see Wishful thinking (disambiguation).
Wishful thinking is the formation of beliefs and making decisions according to what might be pleasing to imagine instead of by appealing toevidence, rationality or reality. Studies have consistently shown that holding all else equal, subjects will predict positive outcomes to be more likely than negative outcomes (see valence effect).
Donald Lambro described wishful thinking in terms of
- “the fantasy cycle” ... a pattern that recurs in personal lives, in politics, in history – and in storytelling. When we embark on a course of action which is unconsciously driven by wishful thinking, all may seem to go well for a time, in what may be called the “dream stage”. But because this make-believe can never be reconciled with reality, it leads to a “frustration stage” as things start to go wrong, prompting a more determined effort to keep the fantasy in being. As reality presses in, it leads to a “nightmare stage” as everything goes wrong, culminating in an “explosion into reality”, when the fantasy finally falls apart.[1]
Ethos, Logos and Pathos
Ethos is the characteristic spirit of a culture,era,community,institution etc.,as manifested in its attitudes,aspirations,customs etc.;the character of an individual as represented by his or her values and beliefs;the prevalent tone of a literary work in this respect.
Pathos is a pathetic expression or utterance;a quality of speech,writing,events,persons etc.,which excites pity or sadness;the power of stirring tender or melancholy emotion;physical or mental suffering
logos is The Word of God,the second person of the Trinity;A pervading cosmic idea or spirit of creativity or rationality.
Pathos is a pathetic expression or utterance;a quality of speech,writing,events,persons etc.,which excites pity or sadness;the power of stirring tender or melancholy emotion;physical or mental suffering
logos is The Word of God,the second person of the Trinity;A pervading cosmic idea or spirit of creativity or rationality.
Yang Unik,Menarik dan Aneh pas Ane jalan-jalan ke INdia dan Bangladesh
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
Assalamualaikum.
Berikut ini adalah beberapa poin yang unik,menarik dan aneh pas saya bulan januari -feb 2011 di india dan Bangla.
1. sering orang bilang India negara yang miskin dan kumuh (kokehan nonton pilem :) tapi tiap hari orang sana makan roti dan daging sapi.daging sapi per kilo 100 rupee atau kira-kira Rp.20 ribu.orang miskin dan pengemis biasa makan roti, daging dan minum susu.
2. ga ada satupun tukang parkir kalo kita ke toko2 .
3. minum susu campur teh (chay) adalah kebiasaan umum.
4. makan sirih (jawa=nginang) adalah kebiasaan umum baik tua maupun muda. (blas ra gaul cah :)
5. orang india punya produk kebanggaan nasional yaitu mobil dan truk merek TATA. bentuknya mengerikan dan superjelek tapi mereka bangga bisa bikin kendaraan sendiri termasuk bemo dan bajaj.
6. di new delhi india, krambil atau buah kelapa yang sudah tua dijajakan di jalan2 ditawarkan ke pengemudi mobil-mobil mewah. kalo di tempat kita mungkin dianggap marai kreminen/cacingan?
7. Bangladesh mayoritas muslim makanya kalo cari kopiah yang modelnya unik2 carilah di bangladesh
8. anak SD/primary school dan SMP/secondary school udah pinter2 speaking in English. maklum mereka di sekolah diajar dengan bahasa pengantar bahasa Inggris.
9. setiap masjid ada hafidz Qur'an. sehingga setiap masjid adalah pesanten. saya pernah jumpa anak SD yang hafal 4 juz al Qur'an padahal dia tinggal di kota yang padat seperti Calcutta. yang begini biasa disana karena banyak yang hafidz Qur'an
A kind of sweet warning for me
sungguh menarik apa yang dikatakan oleh pak abdullah faishal (kayaknya saya pernah jumpa) yang mengatakan di shoutbox blog saya BLOGNYA PAK FAY dengan komentar yang sangat inspiratif bahwa saya " ilmunya dangkal tetapi berani berbicara mengenai hal yg vital". sebuah ungkapan kritik yang membuat saya justru tersadar akan kelemahan-kelemahan saya selama ini..
berikut ini adalah hasil kontemplasi saya atas kritik tersebut:
http://twitter.com/abudira
Contoh Proposal Skripsi Sastra Inggris
In this thread, i wanna share all about research of English Letters, it can be a linguistic and literature.
This thread is specialized for my friends in English Letters Department of State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, who facing, conducting a research (thesis) as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One. But, you all (kaskuser) may participate here. All of you may ask all about how to do a research,
Firstly, i want to explain the "RESEARCH FRAMEWORK".
Research Frameworks consist of some parts as follows:
ngacir gan... 
LET'S CEKIDOT AND CEKERAP THE ELABORATION ABOUT HOW TO MAKE A GOOD GRADUATING PAPER PROPOSAL...
This thread is specialized for my friends in English Letters Department of State Islamic University of Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, who facing, conducting a research (thesis) as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Strata One. But, you all (kaskuser) may participate here. All of you may ask all about how to do a research,
Firstly, i want to explain the "RESEARCH FRAMEWORK".
Research Frameworks consist of some parts as follows:
ngacir gan... LET'S CEKIDOT AND CEKERAP THE ELABORATION ABOUT HOW TO MAKE A GOOD GRADUATING PAPER PROPOSAL...
Subject: The Existence of God
A man went to a barber shop to have his hair and
his beard cut as always. He started to have a good
conversation with the barber who attended him.
Suddenly, they touched the subject of God. The barber said:
"Look man, I don't believe that God exists as you say so."
"Why do you say that?" asked the client. "Well, it's so easy,
you just have to go out in the street to realize that
God does not exist. Tell me, if God exists,
would there be so many sick people?
Would there be abandoned children?
If God exists, there would be no suffering nor pain.
I can't think of a God who permits all of these things."
100 fakta unik tentang orang Indonesia. silakan baca satu poin saja kemudian silakan beri komentar
Berikut ini adalah posting yang unik yang saya ambil dari witho-sang-pembual.blogspot.com
ada sebagian fakta yang benar tapi ada juga yang masih dalam tanda tanya tingkat kebenaranya atau malah ada yang ngawur. silakan baca salah satu poin saja (ngga usah 100 poin dibaca semua ^_^) kemudian silakan beri komentar karena akan jadi diskusi yang menarik tentang sifat dan karakter kita orang Indonesia.
oke let's cekidottttt
kita sebagai orang asli indonesia tentunyA punya ciri khas sebagai orang indonesia..apa saja itu?
1. “Kapan libur?” merupakan suatu pertanyaan yang sangat sering ditanyakan oleh orang Indonesia
2. anak-anak kecil di Indonesia lebih hafal lagu-lagu pop, rock, dan semacamnya daripada lagu-lagu wajib nasional Indonesia (bahkan lagu Indonesia Raya)
3. Ancol selalu ramai di hari Lebaran dan Tahun Baru
4. artis-artis Indonesia yang sudah kurang laku, mencoba peruntungan di dunia politik
5. bahasa gaul dan bahasa SMS adalah salah satu bahasa wajib di Jakarta
6. banyak orang yang tidak membeli karcis KRL Ekonomi, padahal harganya rata-rata hanya berkisar antara Rp1.500,00 – Rp2.500,00
7. banyak yang menuntut hak padahal mereka belum melakukan kewajiban
8. berbicara dengan bahasa daerah di tengah-tengah orang-orang yang tidak mengerti bahasa tersebut adalah suatu kepuasan batin
9. cinta ditolak? Dukun bertindak!
10. dangdut sangat digemari oleh masyarakat luas
11. di Indonesia, seseorang bisa jatuh pingsan ketika bertemu dengan idolanya
12. di Indonesia, setiap guru Bahasa Indonesia memiliki persepsi yang berbeda-beda tentang Bahasa Indonesia, tidak ada yang sama. Jawaban mengenai satu soal EYD (misalnya) bisa menjadi sangat rumit dan beragam (berbeda-beda) bila ditanyakan oleh guru-guru Bahasa Indonesia dari Sabang sampai Merauke
ada sebagian fakta yang benar tapi ada juga yang masih dalam tanda tanya tingkat kebenaranya atau malah ada yang ngawur. silakan baca salah satu poin saja (ngga usah 100 poin dibaca semua ^_^) kemudian silakan beri komentar karena akan jadi diskusi yang menarik tentang sifat dan karakter kita orang Indonesia.
oke let's cekidottttt
kita sebagai orang asli indonesia tentunyA punya ciri khas sebagai orang indonesia..apa saja itu?
1. “Kapan libur?” merupakan suatu pertanyaan yang sangat sering ditanyakan oleh orang Indonesia
2. anak-anak kecil di Indonesia lebih hafal lagu-lagu pop, rock, dan semacamnya daripada lagu-lagu wajib nasional Indonesia (bahkan lagu Indonesia Raya)
3. Ancol selalu ramai di hari Lebaran dan Tahun Baru
4. artis-artis Indonesia yang sudah kurang laku, mencoba peruntungan di dunia politik
5. bahasa gaul dan bahasa SMS adalah salah satu bahasa wajib di Jakarta
6. banyak orang yang tidak membeli karcis KRL Ekonomi, padahal harganya rata-rata hanya berkisar antara Rp1.500,00 – Rp2.500,00
7. banyak yang menuntut hak padahal mereka belum melakukan kewajiban
8. berbicara dengan bahasa daerah di tengah-tengah orang-orang yang tidak mengerti bahasa tersebut adalah suatu kepuasan batin
9. cinta ditolak? Dukun bertindak!
10. dangdut sangat digemari oleh masyarakat luas
11. di Indonesia, seseorang bisa jatuh pingsan ketika bertemu dengan idolanya
12. di Indonesia, setiap guru Bahasa Indonesia memiliki persepsi yang berbeda-beda tentang Bahasa Indonesia, tidak ada yang sama. Jawaban mengenai satu soal EYD (misalnya) bisa menjadi sangat rumit dan beragam (berbeda-beda) bila ditanyakan oleh guru-guru Bahasa Indonesia dari Sabang sampai Merauke
BELAJAR TENTANG PARTS OF SPEECH
Dear all netters.
Belajar grammar atau tata bahasa Inggris merupakan sebuah bagian yang takterpisahkan dalam belajar bahasa. meskipun ada orang yang mengatakan yang penting bisa omong dalam bahasa asing dengan penekanan pada yang penting sama2 paham meski grammar kacau tetap saja GRAMMAR adalah persoalan yang tidak bisa dihindari. terutama dalam konteks tradisi ilmiah baik diungkapkan secara lesan maupun tertulis. untuk itulah dibuatnya blog ini sebagai media untuk sama2 belajar bahasa inggris secara online.
berikut ini adalah contoh sebagian dari persolan grammar yang penting untuk diketahui. misalnya tentang PARTS OF SPEECH atau jenis2 kata dalam bahasa Inggris.
PARTS OF SPEECH
A. DEFINISI PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of Speech dalam bahasa Inggris berarti jenis-jenis kata atau kelas-kelas kata.
Disebut parts of speech – bagian-bagian dari ucapan atau bagian-bagian kalimat (ingat, pada dasarnya kalimat dalam bahasa adalah kalimat yang diucapkan, bukan dituliskan) – karena kata-kata ini merupakan suatu sistem yang diperlukan untuk membentuk sebuah kalimat, tanpa melihat apa tugas atau fungsinya masing-masing. Jadi, kata-kata itu merupakan “bahan dasar” di dalam sebuah “bangunan” kalimat, bukan “fungsi” kata di dalam kalimat. Mengapa demikian? Karena sebuah kata bisa mempunyai beberapa (lebih dari satu) fungsi dalam kalimat.
Secara lengkap, ada 9 jenis kata atau kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
NO JENIS KATA KETERANGAN
1 Verb Verba atau kata kerja (misalnya: be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must)
2 Noun Nomina atau kata benda (misalnya: pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John)
3 Adjective Adjectiva atau kata sifat (misalnya: good, big, red, well, interesting)
4 Adverb Adverbia atau kata keterangan (misalnya: quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really)
5 Pronoun Pronomina atau kata ganti (misalnya: I, you, he, she, someone)
6 Preposition Preposisi atau kata depan (misalnya: to, at, after, on, but)
7 Conjunction Konjungsi kata hubung atau kata sambung (misalnya: and, but, when)
8 Interjection Interjeksi atau kata seru (misalnya: oh!, , hi!, ,ouch! well! )
9 Determiner Determiner atau kata pembatas atau kata sandang (misalnya: a, an, the, this, that, these, those, 78, some, any)
untuk lebih jelas sejelas2nya ^_^ tentang part of speech ini silakan klik links di bawah pada tiap itemnya misalnya:
1. apakah verb atau kata kerja itu?
2. apakah noun atau kata benda itu?
3. adjective atau kata sifat. apaan seh?^_^?
4. adverb atau kata keterangan
5. pronoun atau kata ganti: apaan seh?^_^
6. preposition atau kata depan
7. conjuction atau kata sambung
8. INTERjection atau kata seru
9. article atau kata sandang
more discussion on English grammar:
THE HOTTEST ENGLISH DISCUSSION FORUM FOR EVERYONE
Belajar grammar atau tata bahasa Inggris merupakan sebuah bagian yang takterpisahkan dalam belajar bahasa. meskipun ada orang yang mengatakan yang penting bisa omong dalam bahasa asing dengan penekanan pada yang penting sama2 paham meski grammar kacau tetap saja GRAMMAR adalah persoalan yang tidak bisa dihindari. terutama dalam konteks tradisi ilmiah baik diungkapkan secara lesan maupun tertulis. untuk itulah dibuatnya blog ini sebagai media untuk sama2 belajar bahasa inggris secara online.
berikut ini adalah contoh sebagian dari persolan grammar yang penting untuk diketahui. misalnya tentang PARTS OF SPEECH atau jenis2 kata dalam bahasa Inggris.
PARTS OF SPEECH
A. DEFINISI PARTS OF SPEECH
Parts of Speech dalam bahasa Inggris berarti jenis-jenis kata atau kelas-kelas kata.
Disebut parts of speech – bagian-bagian dari ucapan atau bagian-bagian kalimat (ingat, pada dasarnya kalimat dalam bahasa adalah kalimat yang diucapkan, bukan dituliskan) – karena kata-kata ini merupakan suatu sistem yang diperlukan untuk membentuk sebuah kalimat, tanpa melihat apa tugas atau fungsinya masing-masing. Jadi, kata-kata itu merupakan “bahan dasar” di dalam sebuah “bangunan” kalimat, bukan “fungsi” kata di dalam kalimat. Mengapa demikian? Karena sebuah kata bisa mempunyai beberapa (lebih dari satu) fungsi dalam kalimat.
Secara lengkap, ada 9 jenis kata atau kelas kata dalam bahasa Inggris, yaitu:
NO JENIS KATA KETERANGAN
1 Verb Verba atau kata kerja (misalnya: be, have, do, like, work, sing, can, must)
2 Noun Nomina atau kata benda (misalnya: pen, dog, work, music, town, London, teacher, John)
3 Adjective Adjectiva atau kata sifat (misalnya: good, big, red, well, interesting)
4 Adverb Adverbia atau kata keterangan (misalnya: quickly, silently, well, badly, very, really)
5 Pronoun Pronomina atau kata ganti (misalnya: I, you, he, she, someone)
6 Preposition Preposisi atau kata depan (misalnya: to, at, after, on, but)
7 Conjunction Konjungsi kata hubung atau kata sambung (misalnya: and, but, when)
8 Interjection Interjeksi atau kata seru (misalnya: oh!, , hi!, ,ouch! well! )
9 Determiner Determiner atau kata pembatas atau kata sandang (misalnya: a, an, the, this, that, these, those, 78, some, any)
untuk lebih jelas sejelas2nya ^_^ tentang part of speech ini silakan klik links di bawah pada tiap itemnya misalnya:
1. apakah verb atau kata kerja itu?
2. apakah noun atau kata benda itu?
3. adjective atau kata sifat. apaan seh?^_^?
4. adverb atau kata keterangan
5. pronoun atau kata ganti: apaan seh?^_^
6. preposition atau kata depan
7. conjuction atau kata sambung
8. INTERjection atau kata seru
9. article atau kata sandang
more discussion on English grammar:
THE HOTTEST ENGLISH DISCUSSION FORUM FOR EVERYONE
Kachru's Three Circles of English
World Englishes refers to the emergence of localised or indigenisedvarieties of English, especially varieties that have developed in nations colonised by Great Britain or influenced by the United States. World Englishes consist of varieties of English used in diverse sociolinguistic contexts globally, and how sociolinguistic histories, multicultural backgrounds and contexts of function influence the use of colonial English in different regions of the world.
The issue of World Englishes was first raised in 1978 to examine concepts of regional Englishes globally. Pragmatic factors such as appropriateness, comprehensibility and interpretability justified the use of English as an international and intra-national language. In 1988, at a Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) conference in Honolulu, Hawaii, the International Committee of the Study of World Englishes (ICWE) was formed.[In 1992, the ICWE formally launched the International Association for World Englishes (IAWE) at a conference of "World Englishes Today", at the University of Illinois, USA.[1]
Currently, there are approximately 75 territories where English is spoken either as a first language (L1) or as an unofficial or institutionalisedsecond language (L2) in fields such as government, law and education. It is difficult to establish the total number of Englishes in the world, as new varieties of English are constantly being developed and discovered.[2]
EFL, English as a foreign or second language
ESL (English as a second language), ESOL (English for speakers of other languages), and EFL (English as a foreign language) all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with different native languages. The precise usage, including the different use of the terms ESL and ESOL in different countries, is described below. These terms are most commonly used in relation to teaching and learning English, but they may also be used in relation to demographic information.
ELT (English language teaching) is a widely-used teacher-centred term, as in the English language teaching divisions of large publishing houses, ELT training, etc. The abbreviations TESL (teaching English as a second language), TESOL (teaching English to speakers of other languages) and TEFL (teaching English as a foreign language) are also used.
Other terms used in this field include EAL (English as an additional language), EIL (English as an international language), ELF (English as a lingua franca), ESP (English for special purposes, or English for specific purposes), EAP (English for academic purposes). Some terms that refer to those who are learning English are ELL (English language learner), LEP (limited English proficiency) and CLD (culturally and linguistically diverse).
Other terms used in this field include EAL (English as an additional language), EIL (English as an international language), ELF (English as a lingua franca), ESP (English for special purposes, or English for specific purposes), EAP (English for academic purposes). Some terms that refer to those who are learning English are ELL (English language learner), LEP (limited English proficiency) and CLD (culturally and linguistically diverse).
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